German-English
This list of words most commonly found on German maps should help decipher most titles and legends. Plurals of nouns usually form by adding -en, -e, -er, or -eln, and practically never by adding -s. Nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and articles have four cases, these also being indicated by endings. It is usually not necessary to know these endings to get the meaning of a short title or phrase. Vowels with umlauts are sometimes written without umlauts followed by an e. Thus ä becomes ae, ö becomes oe, ü becomes ue. Sometimes ss is writtin as ß. German spelling has mutated over the centuries. Sometimes interchanged are: (c-z), (ch-k), (dt-t), (f-v), and (i-y).
Abbildung n illustration
Abriß n summary, plan, outline
acht card num eight
achte ord num eighth
all adj all
allgemeine adj general
alt adj old
am at the (an dem)
Amt n office
an prep at, on, by
ander adj other
angrenzend adj bordering
ans to the (an das)
Armee n army
auch conj also
auf prep on, at, by
aus prep from, out of, by
ausführlich adj detailed, complete
außer adj exterior, outer
Aussicht n view, prospect
Bach n brook, stream
Bad n bath
Bahn n road, path
Bai, Bay n bay
Bayern n Bavari
begreifend pres part comprising, containing
Begriff n concept, idea
bei, bey prep at, with, by
Belagerung n siege
Belgien n Belgium
benachbart adj adjoining, neighboring
Berg n mountain, hill
berühmt adj famous
Beschreibung n description
bis prep as far as (spatial), till (temporal)
Bisthum, Bistum n bishopric, diocese
Blatt n sheet
Böhmen n Bohemia
Brasilien n Brazil
Bruch n swamp
Bucht n bay, inlet, creek
Charte n chart
Churfürstenthum n electorate
das art the
den art the
der art the
des art the
deutsch adj German
Deutschland n Germany
die art the
Dorf n village
drei card num three
dritte ord num third
durch prep through, by means of
eigentlich adj true, proper
ein card num one
ein, eine art a, an
Eismeer n Polar Sea
elf card num eleven
elfte ord num eleventh
Elsaß n Alsace
Entdeckung n discovery
enthaltend pres part containing
Entwurf n sketch, draft, plan
Erbe n heir
Erde n earth, world
Eroberung n conquest, acquisition
erst ord num first
Erzbisthum n archbishopric, archdiocese
Erzherzogthum n archduchy
Erzstift n archbishopric, archdiocese
Etlich adj some, several
Eyland, Eiland n island
Fluß n river, flow
Fortsetzung n continuation
Frankreich n France
französisch adj French
frey, frei adj free
fünf card num five
fünfte ord num fifth
Fürstenthum n principality
gantz, ganz adj entire
Gasse n street, alley
Gebiet n district, region
Gebirge n mountain range
gegen prep towards, opposite to
Gegend n region, district
gehörig prep belonging to
Gelobte Land n Promised Land
gennant adj called, named
Geschichte n history
Gestalt n shape, form, figure
gezeichnet past part signed, drawn, designed
Grafschaft n count's domain, county
Griechenland n Greece
Grönland n Greenland
groß adj large
Grundriß n ground plan, sketch
Guten Hoffnung, das Kap der n Cape of Good Hope
Hafen n harbor
Haff n lagoon
Halbkugel n hemisphere
Halbinsel n peninsula
Haupt n principal; Haupt- main
Hauptmannschaft n captaincy
Hauptstatt, Hauptstadt n capital
heilig adj holy
Herrschaft n manor, estate, dominion
Herzogthum, Herzogtum n dukedom, duchy
heutig adv nowadays
Hinterindien n Indochina
Hochstift n bishopric
hundert card num hundred
ihr pron its, their
im in the (in dem)
in prep in
Indien n India
ins in the (in das)
Insel n island
Island n Iceland
Jahr n year
jenseits prep beyond
Kap n cape
Karte n map, chart
Kaspische Meer n Caspian Sea
Keyser n emperor
klein adj small
Kloster n monastery, nunnery
Köln n Cologne
König n king
Königriech n kingdom
Kreis n circle, district
Kriegsshauplatz n theater of war
Kriegstheater n theater of war
Krim, der n the Crimea
Kurfürstentum n electorate
Küste n coast
Lager n camp
Land n land, country
Landgrafschaft n landgraviate
Landkreis n district, hinterland
Landschaft n landscape, estate, district
Lauf n course, route
Litauen n Lithuania
Livland n Livonia
Lothringen n Lorraine
Magalhãesstraße n Straits of Magellan
Mähren n Moravia
Markgrafschaft n margraviate
Markt n market, market-town
Maßstab n scale
Meer n sea, ocean
Meerbusen n bay, gulf
Meerenge n strait, channel
Meile n mile, league
mit prep with
Mittag n south, noon
Mittelländische Meer n Mediterranean Sea
Mitternacht n north, midnight
Moldau n Moldavia
München n Munich
nach prep after, according to
Neapel n Naples
nebst prep besides
neu adj new
neuest adj newest
neun card num nine
neunte ord num ninth
nieder adj low
die Niederlande n the Netherlands
Nörd n north
nördlich adj northern
Nördlicher Polarkreis n Arctic Circle
Norwegen n Norway
ober adj upper, higher
oder conj or
Ort, Ohrt n place, region
Ost n east
Österreich n Austria
Ostindien n East Indies
östlich adj eastern
Ostsee n Baltic Sea
die Pfalz n the Palatinate
Plan n plan, map, chart
Platz n place
Preußen n Prussia
Provinz n province
Quell n source
Reich n empire, kingdom
Reichsstadt n imperial city
Reise n voyage
richtig adj correct
Russland n Russia
sampt, samt prep together with
Schlesien n Silesia
Schloß n castle
die Schweiz n Switzerland
sechs card num six
sechste ord num sixth
See n lake, sea, ocean
sehr adv very
sein its its
sieben card num seven
siebente ord num seventh
so adv so, thus
solch adj such
sowohl conj as well as
Staat n state, country
Stadt, Statt n city
Stift n bishopric
Stille Meer n Pacific Ocean
Straße n street, strait
Stück n part
Süd n south
südlich adj southern
Südlicher Polarkreis n Antarctic Circle
Südsee n South Sea
Sund n sound, strait
Tafel n table, chart
Tag n day
tausend card num thousand
Theil, Teil n part
Tote Meer n Dead Sea
Treffen n encounter, battle
über prep over, above
übrig adj remaining
um prep about, around
und conj and
Ungarn n Hungary
Venedig n Venice
verbessert adj improved
vereinigt adj united
Vereinigten Staaten n United States
Vestung n fortress
vier card num four
vierte ord num fourth
vom from the, of the (von dem)
von prep from, of
vor prep before, in front of
Vorgebirge n promontory, cape, headland, foothills
Vorstellung n conception, representation
wahr adj true, correct
wahrhaftig adj true, genuine
Wald n forest
Wasser n water
welch rel pron which, what, who
Welt n world
weltberühmt adj world-famous
Welttheil, Weltteil n part of the world
Wendekreis des Krebses n Tropic of Cancer
Wendekreis des Steinbocks n Tropic of Capricorn
Westindien n West Indies
wie adv how
Wiek n bay, cove
Wien n Vienna
zehn card num ten
zehnte ord num tenth
zu prep to
zum to the (zu dem)
zur to the (zu der)
zwei card num two
zweite ord num second
zwischen prep between, among
zwölf card num twelve
zwölfte ord num twelfth
Zypern n Cyprus
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